Assam was once upon a time the original home of temples Kamakhya in Guwahati and Kechaikhati near Sadiya are proof to this. While veneration to Shiva largely prevailed in the early pe- riod, the Mother Goddess cult gained ground subsequently. In fact, at one time, Assam came to be identified with Tantrik Shaktism, especially centering around the Kamakhya Temple. Even today, Shiva and the Mother Goddess are venerated in various forms at the folk level in large segments of the Assamese society, both tribal and non-tribal.
Vaishnavism, another form of Hinduism, also had made a fairly early entry into Assam, but in the beginning it was nothing more than a cult. It was Mahapurush Srimanta Sankardeva who gave a new definition to this cult through his neo-Vaishnavite movement, and this left untouched prac- tically no aspect of Assamese society. So strong was this movement that it has pervaded the entire range of Assamese life and culture, cutting across religious and sectarian beliefs and practices.
| Population by Religion | |
| 2001 | 2011 |
| Religion Nos. % | Nos. % |
| Hindus 1,72,96,455 64.89 | 1,91,80,759 61.06 |
| Muslims 82,40,611 30.92 | 1,06,79,345 34.22 |
| Christians 9,86,589 3.70 | 11,65,867 3.63 |
| Sikhs 22,519 0.08 | 20,672 0.06 |
| Buddhists 51,029 0.19 | 54,993 0.17 |
| Jains 23,957 0.09 | 25,949 0.08 |
| Other Religions 22,999 0.09 &Persuasion | 27,118 0.62 |
| Religion not stated 11,369 0.04 | 50,873 0.16 |
| Total 2,66,55,528 100.00 | 3,12,05,576 100.00 |
Sankardeva’s neo-Vaishnavite bhakti movement was the harbinger of a renaissance with many-sided ramifications – spiritual, social, humanistic, artistic and literary. The entry of Islam as a religion to Assam came through neighbouring Bengal which already had Muslim rulers a few decades after the Mughal dynasty was established in India, and Islam to- day, is an important religion here. Islamic shrines of the State include Poa-Mecca of Hajo (Poa-meaning one-fourth) and the Ajan Pir Dargah near Sivasagar, among others. Buddhism, on the other hand, first came down from Bhutan in the north, and then from Myanmar in the east. In fact, the Hayagriba Madhava Temple of Hajo is a place of worship for both Hindus and Buddhists alike.